Compare and contrast Mordecai Kaplans Judaism as a Civilization and Abraham Joshua Heschels the Sabbath

Modern civilization Mordecai Kaplan and Abraham Joshua Heschel are Jewish theologians who are the authors of several books that have been read and are still read by many people including the Jewish.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and contrast Mordecai Kaplan’s Judaism as a Civilization and Abraham Joshua Heschel’s the Sabbath specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Among the books they have written, there are the Mordecai Kaplan’s Judaism as a Civilization and Abraham Joshua Heschel’s The Sabbath. Mordecai Kaplan’s Judaism as a Civilization focuses on the reconstruction of the American-Jewish life that would help the Jewish to change their traditional way of life through incorporations of the modern way of life, philosophy, religion and science as it develops in the U.S. On the other hand, Abraham Joshua Heschel’s The Sabbath mainly focuses on the traditional way of lif e of the Jewish and Judaism and puts more emphasis on the Sabbath. Abraham Joshua views Judaism as a religion of time, which makes him focus on the past rather than the future. Kaplan in Judaism as a Civilization views Judaism as a religion that is evolved from the traditional world to the modern world. He refers to the Judaism as a religion that has been undergoing cultural differences depending on the times that we are living. He believed in Judaism but felt that it was necessary for the Judaism to unite with other religions to form a common religion that was civilized. On the other hand, Abraham Joshua laid more emphasis on the traditional mode of life for the Jewish. He claimed that the traditional mode of life in Judaism made the religion more spiritual and right with their God. In addition, he dealt with the traditional problems that were faced by the Judaism that he sought to find solutions. Abraham Joshua in his efforts to find solutions to the problems associated the proble ms faced by the Judaism with the modern life. This is a clear evidence that Abraham Joshua was against modernization. Further, Kaplan rejected various traditions that the Jewish practiced. He found that the practices that the Jewish had were outdated. He concentrated more on the issues that would help the Jewish realize their religion and the status of life in which they were living. He further believed that some of the aspects that were inherent in Judaism were wrong and needed to be changed. In his writing, Kaplan disagreed with the Jewish category of Closeness that made them feel more superior to other religions. In addition, Kaplan called for democracy in the synagogue, highly recommended membership to be voluntary, reconstruction of procedure of electing leaders and the individuals’ religion options respect. Kaplan believed in the time when individuals joined religion depending on their race and ancestral religion’s belief by force. On the contrary, Abraham Joshua having conservatism of the tradition, believed that the Judaism religion and culture was to remain.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He embraced and emphasized on the Jewish to maintain their status quo. Abraham Joshua believed that religion was an answer to human ultimate questions and thus religion had to be fully respected. He found that the alienation of modern man to religion was putting man into more threats. He therefore emphasized that the Jewish should leave modernity and embrace traditions that would make them more religious. Although they had differences, there were a few similarities. They both encouraged the unity of the Jewish and encouraged them to embrace each other as brothers and sisters. They further encouraged the Jewish to have Judaism as their religion and to have faith in God. In addition, the two emphasized on prayer, as they believed that it connects man to God. Views on Modern Society Kaplan’s concept of civilization was optimistic about the modern society. He believed that modern society including the Jewish had a future if only they would embrace civilization. He encouraged the Jewish to be patient and work towards meeting their goals as the Americans used to do. This gave the Jewish who read his books the ideology of the Americans who believed in hard work. Kaplan believed that with the improvement in science and technology, philosophy and culture, man had a chance to grow depending on the level of civilization he embraces. On the other hand, Heschel’s views on civilization were pessimistic. He viewed civilization, as a way to alienate modern man from religion that he believed was the answer to all human ultimate questions. He believed civilization of man would make him more venerable to threats that made him to oppose civilization in religion. Conclusion Judaism is a religion associated with the Jewish’ s who have origin in Israel. Their belief in God is strong and its what makes them more concrete with Him. Judaism as a religion embraces unity and peace but there are splits in relation to modernity. These kinds of differences have caused splits in other religions. The views between the two theologians negate each other and none can be used to complement the other as they have several differences based on civilization. However, on their reference to God the two views can supplement each other.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and contrast Mordecai Kaplan’s Judaism as a Civilization and Abraham Joshua Heschel’s the Sabbath specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Compare and contrast Mordecai Kaplan’s Judaism as a Civilization and Abraham Joshua Heschel’s the Sabbath was written and submitted by user Kyndall C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

intelligentsia essays

intelligentsia essays The Intelligentsia within Russia began as early as December 14, 1825 when the Decembrists were put down at the hands of loyalist troops commanded by Nicholas I. From the tragedy that befell the Decembrists, a movement would spring forth that would strive for a Russia where justice and equality were rights to be had by all. After the Decembrists movement occurred, Nicholas severely punished or hung people involved with the movement. The movement for equality then went underground but was kept alive by writers of the period such as Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol, Dostoevsky, and Tolstoy. The writings of these authors were very influential upon a class of people that had not existed under Russian laws of the time. These people were known as raznochintsy, or people of other ranks. It was these people who formed the Intelligentsia. The Intelligentsia started radical because of Nicholas policies towards dissenters. Nicholas did not tolerate any ideas that were contrary to his own very well. This changed under Alexander II for a time. Alexander made many changes but progress slowed after an assassination attempt on him by a student named Karakozov. The reactions of the government after the attempt fueled the radicals actions. This was because many of the people who had benefited from reforms found the benefits cut off as a result of the reaction to the assassination. Within the Intelligentsia, there were two schools of thought on what goals the Intelligentsia should follow. The first movement was the Westernizers. This group believed that Russia should follow a course akin to the European states. The Westernizers believed in the Petrine reforms. The second movement was the Slavophiles. They believed in an appreciation of the peasantry and that they represented the core of Russia along with orthodoxy beliefs. The intelligentsia went on to accede to the radic ...

Criminal Justice (Probation and Parole) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Criminal Justice (Probation and Parole) - Essay Example The social learning theory focuses on how behavior is learned from social experiences. Behavior is learned from one’s own social environment. An act of deviance becomes a norm if it is accepted by the society that the individual lives in. A norm becomes a norm when it is socially accepted. In rehabilitation, social learning is important. It is needed in order to re-establish the norms that the individual has to live with. The social learning theory explains that behavior can be learned according to modeling and reinforcement. Strong predictors of criminal behavior is said to be linked to parent-child interaction as it serves as the model behavior of an individual. If the social environment of an individual strongly suggests violence as a norm, then the behavior of the individual will tend towards acts of violence. Thus, in rehabilitation, criminals are presented proper norms of behavior through models and examples that are adherent to the norms of the society. Norms and accept ed social values are presented to the criminals through socialization. In a rehabilitation program, these individuals are immersed in an environment where the rules are strongly structured to represent the parent-child interaction and social environment that will nurture positive values and behavior. Examples of programs that have relied upon the social learning theory are group therapies and peer programs. With this, it is believed that criminal behavior will be eliminated from the individual’s system. Another important aspect of rehabilitation is behavior modification. Behavior modification has its similarities with the social learning theory. This aims to modify the behavior of the criminal to re-establish proper behavior rather than deviant behavior. Rehabilitation aims to cure the criminal behavior through different processes such as social learning and behavior modification. It aims to modify or transform the criminal behavior into proper behavior that will be beneficial for the